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Important Concepts

Before integrating the SDK, here are the core ideas you need to know to build truly universal dApps on Push Chain.

Deep dives and conceptual guides live in our Knowledge Base.



100% EVM Compatibility​

Push Chain is an EVM-compatible Universal Layer 1 blockchain that runs any Solidity contract as-is. Your existing Ethereum dApp will work without touching a single byte of on-chain code.

Wallet Integration Across Chains​

Push Chain introduces groundbreaking support for wallets from different Layer 1 blockchains, enabling them to transact directly on Push Chain.

Users can leverage their existing wallets, whether Ethereum-based (MetaMask), Solana-based (Phantom), or wallets from other chains, to execute transactions seamlessly on Push Chain. Under the hood, we:

  • Detect the source-chain wallet signature.
  • Map it to a Push Chain Universal Executor Account (UEA).
  • Route the transaction through our gateway onto Push Chain.

Your users sign exactly as they do today; Push Chain handles the cross-chain plumbing.

Fee Abstraction and Cross-Chain Execution​

Push Chain lets users execute contracts without holding $PC (Push Chain native token). Instead, users can initiate transactions from their source chains, such as Ethereum Sepolia or Solana Devnet, and pay gas fees in their native tokens like ETH or SOL.

When a user signs a transaction from a source chain such as Ethereum Sepolia or Solana Devnet, the orchestrator deploys a smart wallet (UEA) on Push Chain for that user, locks the required gas fees in their native tokens, and executes the contract on Push Chain using the signed payload.

Your users interact exactly as they would on their home chain, with no additional steps.

Universal Gateway (UG) Contracts​

Push Chain uses a set of contracts to enable cross-chain transactions. These contracts are deployed on source chains from where the transactions originate and are used to route transactions from source chains to Push Chain.

Account Types on Push Chain​

As an EVM-compatible Universal Layer 1 blockchain, Push Chain naturally supports standard Ethereum accounts:

  • Externally Owned Accounts (EOAs)
    Standard private-key-controlled addresses (e.g. MetaMask wallets).

  • Smart Contract Accounts (Smart Accounts)
    On-chain contracts that hold logic (e.g. multisigs, social recovery wallets).

Additionally, Push Chain innovates by introducing:

  • Universal Executor Accounts (UEAs)
    Proxy accounts that represent external chain wallets ( users ) on Push Chain. UEAs let Ethereum, Solana, and other wallets execute Push Chain logic without the need for a native Push Chain wallet. This significantly enhances accessibility and overal UX.

  • Universal Origin Accounts (UOAs)
    The original source-chain wallet in chain agnostic address format that is behind each UEA. UOAs let you attribute activity back to the user’s home chain.

Understanding Universal Account​

The UniversalAccount is a chain-agnostic way of representing a wallet address, designed to work seamlessly across multiple blockchain ecosystems.

VIRTUAL NODE IDE
  • address follows each chain’s format (EVM checksummed, Solana base58).
  • chain is the identifier of the origin chain of an address (e.g. PushChain.CONSTANTS.CHAIN.ETHEREUM_SEPOLIA resolves to eip155:11155111 for Sepolia)

UniversalAccount return a chain agnostic address format. It can be used to represent any address from any chain.

Understanding Universal Signer​

A UniversalSigner extends UniversalAccount with signing capabilities.

VIRTUAL NODE IDE
  • signer is the signer object from the library you are using (e.g. ethers, viem, solana-web3.js)

Chain Agnostic Address Examples​

ChainNetworkCAIP-10 Identifier
EthereumMainnet (1)eip155:1:0x742d35Cc6370C742Fc60f8b67da6c68F091C42b5
EthereumSepolia Testnet(11155111)eip155:11155111:0x5FbDB2315678afecB367f032d93F642f64180aa3
SolanaMainnet-Betasolana:5eykt4UsFv8P8NJdTREpY1vzqKqZKvdp:9xQeWvGFvPEZZY3Yvj5V14xi4tYmEXjfSDrm5sVqTvcAg
SolanaTestnetsolana:4uhcVJyU9pJkvQyS88uRDiswHXSCkY3z:7fCAbbLejF64HTZ39rjFBUXJEMYT9z7d6NM6ovaoyNaW
Cosmoscosmoshub-4cosmos:cosmoshub-4:cosmos1sk8uyz4u6zmxus3aurayrjyvfgtytvpnr685ur

The addresses are inspired from caip-10 format.

Next Steps​